متین امیری

Over-Compliance and Unilateral Coercive Measures are two important phenomena in contemporary international law, which despite their significant role, each has its own reasons for existence. As a result of the existing fear of unilateral coercive measures among activists and market participants, things that are really allowed or not prohibited according to the coercive measures of the imposing State, may be considered prohibited by market participants and considered among the sanctioned items.

This research deals with the laws that are centered around Over-Compliance on two levels: firstly, to identify the legal concept of Over-Compliance and its potential effects on international law, and secondly, the secondary rules resulting from Over-Compliance and the feasibility of the international responsibility towards the Imposing States, third-States and market participants. Considering that unilateral coercive measures are divided into different types, and in the matter of legitimacy, they are somewhat in the area of ??doubt and gray-zone, in this research, an attempt was made to deepen the issue of the legitimacy of these actions and then propose different assumptions of the responsibility of imposing States and third-States has been addressed both individually and collectively. Also, the legal personality of market participants in international law and the different dimensions of the responsibility of these companies due to Over-Compliance have been mentioned. Finally, this research has explained the ways for the victim governments to compensate the damage and how they are done.
Key words: Over-Compliance, De-risking, Unilateral Coercive Measures, Sanctions, due-diligence